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Recent fighting in the country’s north, the arrest of First Vice President Riek Machar and a campaign of misinformation, disinformation and hate speech are “fueling political and ethnic tensions — particularly on social media,� he said.

Haysom, the U.N. special envoy and head of the almost 20,000-strong U.N. peacekeeping mission in the country, warned that “these conditions are darkly reminiscent of the 2013 and 2016 conflicts, which took over 400,000 lives.�

There were high hopes for peace and stability after oil-rich South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in 2011.

But the country slid into civil war in December 2013 when , who is from the largest ethnic group in the country, called the Dinka, started battling , who is from the second-largest ethnic group, called the Nuer.

A 2018 peace deal has been fragile, and implementation has been slow. A presidential election has been postponed until 2026.

Haysom said, however, that the 2018 agreement “remains the only viable framework to break this cycle of violence in South Sudan.�

“The overriding imperative now is to urgently avert a relapse into full-scale conflict, refocus efforts on accelerating the implementation of the agreement, and advance the transition towards South Sudan’s first democratic elections,� he said. “Another war is a risk South Sudan simply cannot afford, nor can the wider region.�

Haysom said the peacekeeping force is engaged in intensive diplomatic efforts with the African Union, the regional group Intergovernmental Authority on Development, or IGAD, the Vatican and U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres to broker a peaceful solution.

He called on the Security Council, the U.N.’s most powerful body, to urge the rival parties to adhere to the ceasefire, exercise restraint and address differences through public dialogue.

Edem Wosornu, the U.N. humanitarian office’s operations director, reminded the council of her August warning of a “perfect storm� of humanitarian, economic, political, security and environmental crises unfolding simultaneously.

Eight months later, she said, “the situation has deteriorated dramatically.�

Wosornu said 9.3 million South Sudanese, three-quarters of the population, need humanitarian assistance, half of them children.

“Almost 7.7 million people are acutely hungry — up from 7.1 million in the same period in 2024,� she said.

Wosornu said the U.N. humanitarian office projects that 650,000 children under 5 are at risk of severe acute malnutrition this year.

“If the political crisis is not averted,� she warned, “the humanitarian nightmare will become a reality very quickly.�

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