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That followed Friday's , in which Trump and Vice President tore into Zelenskyy for what they perceived as insufficient gratitude for the more than $180 billion U.S. has appropriated for military aid and other assistance to Kyiv since the start of Russia’s war in Ukraine in 2022.

Trump, a Republican, has since slammed Zelenskyy for suggesting that the end of likely Ukraine’s leader says it would take time to come to an agreement to end the war as he tried to offer a positive take on its relationship with the U.S. after the White House blowup last week.

And Vance has increased the pressure, and sparked uproar in Europe, by suggested that the Trump administration has pushed — but that Zelenskyy left Washington without signing on Friday — “is a way better security guarantee than 20,000 troops from some random country that hasn’t fought a war in 30 or 40 years.�

The vice president was referring to an international security force for post-war Ukraine proposed by key allies Britain and France.

A look at the evolution of Trump and Zelenskyy’s relationship over the years:

‘Perfect' phone call

In July 2019, Zelenskyy was anxious for a meeting with Trump at the White House, one of the Ukrainian leader's top foreign policy priorities at the time.

During a 30-minute call, Trump dangled the possibility of a face-to-face meeting. But he also suggested that future U.S. military support for Ukraine might be contingent on its leader helping investigate business dealings there by , the former vice president's son.

The elder Biden was competing for the Democratic presidential nomination, and Trump seemed to want to weaken him 15 months out from Election Day.

Trump denied wrongdoing and began referring to his exchange with Zelenskyy as a “perfect" phone call. Even Zelenskyy later that he faced “no blackmail.�

But Trump was impeached by the Democratic-controlled House in December 2019 on abuse of power and obstruction of justice charges, only the third American commander in chief to be in that situation. He was .

Russia's war in Ukraine

Russia launched a on Feb. 24, 2022, triggering the biggest conflict on the European continent since World War II.

Since then, the U.S. has provided tens of billions of dollars in military assistance to Ukraine. The Biden administration made steadfast military and political support for Zelenskyy's country a centerpiece of his foreign policy.

As the war raged, the Biden White House staunchly defended continuing to provide support to Ukraine, even as some Republicans began grumbling about so much funding for a war that had no end in sight.

In a speech to Congress in December 2022, Zelenskyy thanked "every American" for supporting his country.

“Your money is not charity,� he said then. "It’s an investment in the global security and democracy that we handle in the most responsible way.�

Trump, then campaigning for his second term, said repeatedly that Russia would never have invaded Ukraine if he'd been president and that he'd have no trouble solving the conflict.

Upon taking office, he years of U.S. policy by dispatching negotiators to Saudi Arabia to meet with officials from Russian President Vladimir Putin's government, and also began hammering out the minerals deal that he and Zelenskyy had planned to sign Friday.

Trump meets with Zelenskyy ahead of Election Day 2024

Last September, Zelenskyy accompanied Biden to a to thank the workers producing some of the for with Russian ground forces.

A few days later, he traveled to Trump Tower in Manhattan and discussed ending the war. In comments to Fox News Channel afterward, Trump said of the fighting, “It should stop and the president wants it to stop," meaning Zelenskyy.

“And I’m sure President Putin wants it to stop and that’s a good combination,� Trump added. Zelenskyy invited Trump to visit Ukraine, to which Trump responded, �I will."

That trip came up again Friday, when Vance told Zelenskyy, “You went to Pennsylvania and campaigned for the opposition."

Zelenskyy's September trip was not billed as political, though, and Trump's election opponent was Vice President Kamala Harris, not Biden. Still, Pennsylvania is a battleground state and some congressional Republicans at the time accused Democrats of using Zelenskyy's visit to bolster Harris politically.

Trump calls Zelenskyy a dictator, then suggests he didn't

Last December, Trump met with Zelenskyy again during a visit to Paris to attend the reopening of the Notre Dame cathedral. It was a hastily arranged three-way meeting set up by French President , who was trying to push the president-elect to maintain support for Ukraine in its defense against Russia’s invasion.

As president, Trump has publicly prodded Zelenskyy that he had better move quickly to negotiate an end to Russia's war in Ukraine, or risk no longer having a country to lead. On his social media site, Trump decried Zelenskyy for not organizing an election to decide if he should remain in power — an idea backed by Russia — calling him a “

He also suggested that Ukraine was responsible for Russia's invasion, but later conceded that Russia was the aggressor.

Before last week, Zelenskyy had been to the White House four times — all during the Biden administration. When the Ukrainian leader announced he was coming to Washington and was ready to sign a minerals deal, Trump's tone got more conciliatory.

He called America’s support for Ukraine against Russia’s invasion “a very worthy thing to do.� And, when pressed about having called Zelenskyy a dictator, Trump responded: “Did I say that? I can’t believe I said that. Next question."

It all served to make Friday's blowup all the more spectacular.