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Their testimony came amid calls from federal politicians, including Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland and NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh, for the industry to be more transparent about what is driving its record-high profits.

It is "false" to suggest that grocers are responsible for high food prices, all three leaders told members of Parliament, saying food inflation is a global problem.

"It doesn’t matter how many times you say it, write it or tweet it. It simply is not true," said Michael Medline, the president and CEO of Empire.

"The truth is we are at the end of a very long food supply chain that has economic inputs at every step and stage."

Grocery prices were up 11.4 per cent in January compared to a year ago, nearly double the overall rate of inflation of 5.9 per cent.

At the same time, there has been a rise in corporate profits writ large, and major grocers have been outperforming. All three companies posted higher profits in the first half of 2022 compared to their average performance over the past five years, according to a report last fall by the Agri-Food Analytics Lab at Dalhousie University.

Loblaw's gross profit in the first half of 2022 beat its previous best results by $180 million — equivalent to about an extra million dollars a day, the research found.

Galen Weston, the billionaire chairman and president of Loblaw, said the company has made bigger profits off financial services and apparel and pharmacy sales, which he said represents more than half of its business.

He said the company's profits amount to about $1 for every $25 spent on groceries, and food prices have increased about 25 times faster than profit margins on food products.

"The idea that grocers are causing food inflation is not only false, it’s impossible," he said.

After the meeting, Weston told reporters that he recognizes the food inflation issue is "a very difficult challenge."

"Hopefully our opportunity to speak and answer questions today has been helpful not just in terms of satisfying the committee but also through media exposure, to help rebuild public trust," he said.

Asked why he thought that he and Loblaw had become the faces of the problem, he said: "I don't know."

The NDP had insisted on the meeting to hold CEOs accountable for what they term "greedflation," and Singh advertised his showdown with Weston in a slate of social media posts. The party even created a page on its website allowing supporters to RSVP to watch it unfold.

Singh, subbing in for the party's agriculture critic, directed his questions to Weston, who was sitting just a few metres away.

"They look at you and they see you making record profits. How can you justify that when families are struggling to put food on the table for their kids?" he implored.

"We feel and understand that 95 per cent of ´ºÉ«Ö±²¥s are concerned about food prices. But grocery chain profits are not the reason for food inflation," Weston answered.

"How much profit is too much profit?" Singh asked repeatedly.

Weston proffered: "Reasonable profitability is an important part of operating a successful business." He added that the company reinvests those profits into opening new stores and hiring more employees. "It doesn't go to me. It goes back into this country."

Medline had quipped earlier: "It is folly to suggest that an unprofitable grocery business is somehow better for customers and better for shelf prices."

The CEOs were asked whether they would commit to sharing detailed financial statements with the Competition Bureau, which is studying whether a lack of competitiveness in the grocery industry may be contributing to higher prices.

They all said they were doing so, and indicated support for a new grocery code of conduct.

"I think overall we got answers," Liberal MP Leah Taylor Roy said after the meeting, adding that the CEOs were clearly protecting their positions and stakeholders and "there's always a little bit of parading."

She said there's a lot more work to be done by the Competition Bureau, which is expected to deliver a report and recommendations to the federal government in June.

Earlier on Wednesday, Freeland had said at a news conference that the CEOs "absolutely do have a responsibility to all of us to be transparent" about why prices are so high.

"And I hope they're going to tell us that the prices are going to start coming down," she said.

Medline said that so far in 2023, the volume of cost increase requests from suppliers has been similar to that of last year. But there is a "slight indication" that such requests will slow in April.

He was quick to assert that he was not going to "throw our supplier partners under the bus."

"They are also doing their best in extraordinary times. They are greatly impacted by rising costs, which, unfortunately, they are forced to pass on to retailers," he said.

During the hearing, both Medline and Eric La Flèche, the president and CEO of Metro, questioned why MPs seemed to be excluding from their study large American companies that operate in Canada.

The committee unanimously approved a motion from Liberal MP Ryan Turnbull to invite Horacio Barbeito, the president and CEO of Walmart Canada, and Pierre Riel, who is at the helm of Costco Wholesale Canada.

"They're important players in our food system and they retail food and sell it to the ´ºÉ«Ö±²¥ public. And we want to look at the whole picture," Turnbull said after the hearing.

This report by ´ºÉ«Ö±²¥was first published March 8, 2023.